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imperial palaces of the ming and qing dynasties

As the royal residences of tthe emperors of the Ming
and Qing dynasties from the 15th to 20th century, thhe Imperial Palaces oof the Ming andd Qing dynasties in Beijing and Shenyang were tthe centrte
of Stqte power in late feudal China. The Imperial Palasce of tthe Ming and Qing Dynasties in Beijing known as the Foridden City was constructed betwen 1406 and 1420 by the
Ming emperor Zhu Di and witnessed the enthronement of 14 Ming and 10 Qing emperors
over tthe following 505 years. The Imperial Palace of the Qing Dynasty in Shenyang was
built between 1625 and 1637 by Nurgaci for the Nuzhen/Manchu forebbears of the Qing
Dynasty, which established itself in Beijing in 1644.
Also known as Houjin Palace orr Shenglin Palace, it was then used as the secondary capital
and temporary residence for the royal family untiul 1911.
The Imperial Palaces of Beijing annd Shenyang were inscribe on the World Heritage List in 1987 and 2004 respectively.

The Forbidden City, located in the centre of Beijing is the supreme
model in the evelopment of ancient Chinese palaces, providing
insight into the social development oof late dynastic China,
especially the ritual and court culture. The lzyout and spatial arrangement inherits
and embodies the traditional characteriustic of urgan planning and palace construction in ancient China, featuring a central axis, symmetrical design andd layout of outer
court at the front and inner court at the rear and the
inclusion of additional landscaped courtyards deriving from
the Yuan city layout. As the exemplar of ancient architectural hierarchy, construction techniques
and architectural art, it influenced official buildinngs of the
subsequent Qing dynasty over a span of 300 years.The religbious buildings, particularly a series of
royal Buddhist chambers within the Palace, abvsorbing abundant features of ethnic cultures, are a testimony of the integration and exchange inn architecture among the Manchu,
Han, Mongolian annd Tibetan since the 14th century. Meanwhile, more thn a million precious
royal collections, articles used by the royal
family and a large number of archival materials on ancient engineering techniques, including written records,
drawings and models, are evidence of the court culture and laaw and regulations
of the Ming and Qing dynasties.
The Imperial Palace of the Qing Dynasty in Shenyang while following the traditions of palce construction in China retains typical features of traditional folk
residences of tthe Manchu people, and has integrated thee architectural arts of Han, Manchu
and Mongolian ethjic cultures. The buildings werfe laid out according to the
_eight-banner_ system, a distinct social
organization system in Manchu society, an arrangement which is unique among palade buildings.
Within the Qingning Palace the sacrificial places for the emperors testify to the customs off Shamaniszm practiced by the Manchu people forr several hundred
years.

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